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This is a list of viceroys in Jamaica from its initial occupation by Spain in 1509, to its independence from the United Kingdom in 1962. For a list of viceroys after independence, see Governor-General of Jamaica. For context, see History of Jamaica.

Spanish Governors of Santiago (1510–1660)[edit]

Jamaica was claimed for Spain in 1494 when Christopher Columbus first landed on the island. Spain began occupying the island in 1509, naming it Santiago. The second governor, Francisco de Garay, established Villa de la Vega, now known as Spanish Town, as his capital.

• Juan de Esquivel, 1510–1514
• Francisco de Garay, 1514–1523
• Pedro de Mazuelo, 1523–1526
• Juan de Mendegurren, 1526–1527
• Santino de Raza, 1527–1531
• Gonzalo de Guzman, ?–1532
• Manuel de Rojas, 1532–?, first time
• Gil González Dávila, 1533?–1534?
• Manuel de Rojas, 1536–?, second time
• Pedro Cano, 1539?, first time
• Francisco de Pina, 1544?
• Juan González de Hinojosa, 1556?
• Pedro Cano, 1558?, second time
• Blas de Melo, 1565?
• Juan de Gaudiel, 1567?–1572?
• Hernán Manrique de Rojas, 1575?
• Iñigo Fuentes, ?–1577
• Rodrigo Núñez de la Peña, 1577–1578
• Lucas del Valle Alvarado, 1578–1583?, first time
• Diego Fernández de Mercado, 1586?
• Lucas del Valle Alvarado, 1591?, second time
• García del Valle, 1596?
• Fernando Melgarejo Córdoba, 1596–1606
• Alonso de Miranda, 1607–1611
• Pedro Espejo Barranco, 1611–1614
• Andrés González de Vera, 1614–?
• Sebastián Lorenzo Romano, 1620?
• Francisco Terril, 1625–1632
• Juan Martínez Arana, 1632–1637
• Gabriel Peñalver Angulo, 1637–1639
• Jacinto Sedeño Albornoz, 1639–1640, first time
• Francisco Ladrón de Zegama, 1640–1643
• Alcades, 1643–1645
• Sebastián Fernández de Gamboa, 1645–1646
• Pedro Caballero, 1646–1650
• Jacinto Sedeño Albornoz, 1650, second time
• Francisco de Proenza, 1650–1651, first time
• Juan Ramírez de Arellano, 1651–1655
• Francisco de Proenza, 1655–1656, second time
• Cristóbal Arnaldo Isasi, 1656–1660

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English Commanders of Jamaica (1655–61)[edit]

In 1655, an English force led by Admiral Sir William Penn, and General Robert Venables seized the island. Following their departure, the incumbents successfully held it against Spanish attempts to retake it over the next few years.

• Admiral Sir William Penn 11 May 1655 – 1655
• General Robert Venables, 1655
• Edward D'Oyley, 1655–1656, first time
• William Brayne, 1656–1657
• Edward D'Oyley, 1657–1661, second time

English Governors of Jamaica (1661–62)[edit]

In 1661, England began colonisation of the island.

• Edward D'Oyley, 1661–August 1662, continued
• Thomas, Lord Windsor, August 1662–November 1662

Deputy Governors of Jamaica (1662–71)[edit]

• Charles Lyttleton, 1662–1663, acting
• Thomas Lynch, 1663–1664, acting, first time
• Edward Morgan, 1664
• Sir Thomas Modyford, 1664–August 1671

Lieutenant Governors of Jamaica (1671–90)[edit]

In 1670, the Treaty of Madrid legitimised English claim to the island.

• Sir Thomas Lynch, August 1671–November 1674, second time
• Sir Henry Morgan, 1674–1675, acting, first time
• John Vaughan, 1675–1678
• Sir Henry Morgan, 1678, acting, second time
• The Earl of Carlisle, 1678–1680
• Sir Henry Morgan, 1680–1682, acting, third time
• Sir Thomas Lynch, 1682–1684, third time
• Hender Molesworth, 1684–December 1687, acting
• Christopher MonckThe Duke of Albemarle, 1687–1688
• Hender Molesworth, 1688–1689, acting
• Francis Watson, 1689–1690, acting

Governors of Jamaica (1690–1962)[edit]

• The Earl of Inchiquin, 1690–16 January 1692^[1]
• John White, 1691–22 August 1692,^[2]acting
• John Bourden, 1692–1693, acting
• Sir William Beeston, March 1693–January 1702, acting to 1699
• William Selwyn, Jan-April 1702 (died in office)
• Peter Beckford, 1702, acting
• Thomas Handasyde, 1702–1711, acting to 1704
• Lord Archibald Hamilton, 1711–1716
• Thomas Pitt, 1716-1717
• Peter Heywood, 1716–1718 acting
• Sir Nicholas Lawes, 1718–1722
• The Duke of Portland, 1722–4 July 1726
• John Ayscough, 1726–1728, acting, first time
• Robert Hunter, 1728–March 1734
• John Ayscough, 1734–1735, acting, second time
• John Gregory, 1735, acting, first time
• Henry Cunningham, 1735–1736
• John Gregory, 1736–1738, acting, second time
• Edward Trelawny, 1738–1752
• Charles Knowles, 1752–January 1756
• Sir Henry Moore, February 1756–April 1756, acting, first time
• George Haldane, April 1756–November 1759
• Sir Henry Moore, November 1759 – 1762, acting, second time
• Sir William Lyttleton, 1762–1766
• Roger Hope Elletson, 1766–1767
• Sir William Trelawny, 1767–December 1772
• John Dalling, December 1772 – 1774, acting, first time
• Sir Basil Keith, 1774–1777
• John Dalling, 1777–1781, second time
• Archibald Campbell, 1781–1784, acting to 1783
• Alured Clarke, 1784–1790
• The Earl of Effingham, 1790–19 November 1791
• Sir Adam Williamson, 1791–1795, acting
• The Earl of Balcarres, 1795–1801
• Sir George Nugent, 1801–1805
• Sir Eyre Coote, 1806–1808
• The Duke of Manchester, 1808–1821
• Sir John Keane, 1827–1829, acting
• The Earl Belmore, 1829–1832
• George Cuthbert, 1832, acting, first time
• The Earl of Mulgrave, 1832–1834
• Sir Amos Norcott, 1834, acting
• George Cuthbert, 1834, acting, second time
• The Marquess of Sligo, 1834–1836
• Sir Lionel Smith, 1836–1839
• Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe, 1839–1842
• The Earl of Elgin, 1842–1846
• George Henry Frederick Berkeley, 1846–1847, acting
• Sir Charles Edward Grey, 1847–1853
• Sir Henry Barkly, 1853–1856
• Edward Wells Bell, 1856–1857, acting
• Charles Henry Darling, 1857–1862
• Edward John Eyre, 1862–1865, acting to 1864
• Sir Henry Knight Storks, 12 December 1865 – 16 July 1866
• Sir John Peter Grant, 1866–1874
• W. A. G. Young, 1874, acting
• Sir William Grey, 1874–January 1877
• Edward Rushworth, January 1877, acting
• Sir Anthony Musgrave, January 1877 – 1883
• Somerset M. Wiseman Clarke, 1883, acting
• Dominic Jacotin Gamble, 1883, acting
• Sir Henry Wylie Norman, 1883–1889
• William Clive Justice, 1889, acting
• Sir Henry Arthur Blake, 1889–1898
• Henry Jardine Hallowes, 1898, acting
• Sir Augustus William Lawson Hemming, 1898–1904
• Sydney Haldane Olivier, 1904, acting, first time
• Hugh Clarence Bourne, 1904, acting, first time
• Sir James Alexander Swettenham, 30 September 1904 – 1907
• Hugh Clarence Bourne, 1907, acting, second time
• Sydney Haldane Olivier, 16 May 1907 – January 1913, acting
• Philip Clark Cork, January 1913 – 7 March 1913, acting
• Sir William Henry Manning, 7 March 1913 – 11 May 1918
• Robert Johnstone, 11 May 1918 – 11 June 1918, acting
• Sir Leslie Probyn, 11 June 1918 – 1924
• Herbert Bryan, 1924, acting, first time
• Sir Samuel Herbert Wilson, 29 September 1924 – June 1925
• Sir Herbert Bryan, 1925, acting, second time
• Sir Arthur S. Jelf, October 1925 – 26 April 1926, acting, first time
• Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs, 26 April 1926 – 9 November 1932
• Sir Arthur S. Jelf, 9 November 1932 – 21 November 1932, acting, second time
• Sir Alexander Ransford Slater, 21 November 1932 – April 1934
• Sir Arthur S. Jelf, April 1934–24 October 1934, acting, third time
• Sir Edward Brandis Denham, 24 October 1934 – 2 June 1938
• Charles Campbell Woolley, 2 June 1938 – 19 August 1938, acting
• Sir Arthur Frederick Richards, 19 August 1938 – July 1943
• William Henry Flinn, July 1943 – 29 September 1943, acting
• Sir John Huggins, 29 September 1943 – 7 April 1951
• Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot, 7 April 1951 – 18 November 1957
• Sir Kenneth Blackburne, 18 December 1957 – 6 August 1962

In 1962, Jamaica gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since independence, the viceroy in Jamaica has been the Governor-General of Jamaica.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^William James Gardner, The History of Jamaica : From its Discovery by Christopher Columbus to the Year 1872, p. 72
2. ^William James Gardner, The History of Jamaica : From its Discovery by Christopher Columbus to the Year 1872, p. 101

Latest News

What's next for Trump, the Republican Party and Biden?

WASHINGTON, USA (AFP) -- The US Senate acquitted Donald Trump on Saturday of the charge of inciting the January 6 assault on the US Capitol in an unprecedented second impeachment trial.

Trump's acquittal raises questions about what's next for the 74-year-old former president, the Republican Party and President Joe Biden.

Donald Trump
Although Trump's acquittal by the Senate was a near certainty, the verdict must have come as a relief to the former president.

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In a statement, Trump denounced what he called a 'witch hunt' and talked about the future.

'Our historic, patriotic and beautiful movement to Make America Great Again has only just begun,' he said.

'We have so much work ahead of us, and soon we will emerge with a vision for a bright, radiant, and limitless American future.'

Trump has flirted with the idea of running for the White House again in 2024 and a conviction would have likely barred him from holding federal office again.

Since leaving the White House on January 20, Trump has been holed up in his Mar-a-Lago resort, deprived of the Twitter account he used to communicate with his many millions of followers.

Capri Cafaro, executive in residence at American University in Washington and a former Democratic member of the Ohio state senate, said the acquittal could be a 'rallying cry' for Trump and his backers.

But, Cafaro added, 'the legacy of Donald Trump for many at this point may be the events of January 6, regardless of acquittal.'

'There will be Americans who think that Donald Trump had some kind of role,' she said, and that could carry over to the real estate tycoon's activities in the private sector.

'It's almost like he has no choice but to continue to try to be in politics,' she said.

Wendy Schiller, a professor of political science at Brown University, agreed that Trump's future may be limited.

'If a corporation were to offer him a speaking appearance, the social media backlash would be swift and severe, with possible boycotts of their products,' Schiller said.

'Even holding conferences or events at Trump properties will be a problem for large publicly traded companies, or companies that provide a direct to consumer product,' she said.

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The Republican Party
The fact that the vast majority of Senate Republicans voted to acquit Trump is a clear signal that he retains a grip on the GOP, the Grand Old Party.

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'The party is his,' Georgia Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene, one of his most fervent supporters, said last week. 'It doesn't belong to anyone else.'

But seven Republican senators voted to convict the former president and 10 Republican members of the House of Representatives voted last month to impeach him, including the party's third-ranking member, Liz Cheney, daughter of former vice president Dick Cheney.

Republican Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell voted for acquittal but said Trump was 'practically and morally' responsible for the January 6 violence.

A number of Republicans have distanced themselves from the former president and are lining up to take their own shot at the White House in 2024.

Among them is former South Carolina governor Nikki Haley, who said Republicans were wrong for supporting Trump's campaign to reverse the election results, a course that led to the January 6 attack on Congress.

'He went down a path he shouldn't have, and we shouldn't have followed him,' Haley said in an interview with Politico magazine.

Haley also dismissed speculation Trump will seek the presidency in 2024. 'I don't think he can,' she said. 'He's fallen so far.'

But the Republicans advocating a complete break with Trump are in the minority and most remain fearful of the power he holds over his base.

'GOP senators who vote to acquit may be protecting themselves against primary challenges from the more extreme wing of their party in 2022, or even 2024,' Schiller said. 'But they may simultaneously make themselves more vulnerable to defeat in the general election.'

Cafaro said Republican lawmakers remaining faithful to Trump were making an 'incredibly risky' gamble.

'They're making a decision based upon a snapshot in time that may not exist for them in two years,' she said.

A group of anti-Trump former Republican officials has raised the idea of creating a center-right third party but it is unlikely to gain much traction.

Joe Biden
Trump's impeachment trial has been hanging over the start of Biden's presidency and the Democrats must be glad it took just five days.

The Senate will now be in a position to swiftly confirm Biden's cabinet appointees and work on his legislative agenda as the country struggles with the Covid-19 pandemic and severe economic woes.

'President Biden has done a very good job of separating himself from the impeachment trial proceedings and keep his messaging on the Covid-19 crisis and the accompanying economic crisis,' Schiller said.

But Trump remains a force to be reckoned with.

'There's no saying that we're immune from more protests, demonstrations, activism from the far right,' Cafaro said. 'If and when that happens how Joe Biden deals with them will be something to watch.'